Group and Individual Risk Preferences: A Lottery-Choice Experiment
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper focuses on decision making under risk, comparing group and individual risk preferences in a lottery-choice experiment inspired by Holt and Laury (2002). The experiment presents subjects with a menu of unordered lottery choices which allows us to measure risk aversion. In the individual treatment, subjects make lottery choices individually; in the group treatment, each subject was placed in an anonymous group of three, where unanimous lottery choice decisions were made via voting. Finally, in a third treatment, called the choice treatment, subjects could choose whether to be on their own or in a group. Our main findings are that groups are more likely than individuals to choose safe lotteries for decisions with low winning percentages. Moreover, groups converge toward less risky decisions because subjects who were relatively less risk averse were more likely to change their vote in order to conform to the group average decision; more risk-averse individuals were less likely to change their preferences. Finally our results reveal a positive relationship between preference for risk and willingness to decide alone. Résumé Ce papier s'intéresse à la prise de décision dans le risque, en comparant les préférences vis-à-vis du risque de groupes et d'individus à travers une expérience de choix de loteries inspirée de Holt et Laury (2002). L'expérience met les sujets face une série de choix non-ordonnés entre loteries permettant de mesurer leur aversion au risque. Dans le traitement individu, les sujets font leurs choix de loterie seuls ; dans le traitement groupe, chaque sujet est intégré dans un groupe de trois personnes anonymes, où les choix de loterie sont pris à l'unanimité à travers un processus de vote. Enfin, dans un troisième traitement, appelé traitement choix, les sujets peuvent choisir entre prendre leur décision seul ou en groupe. Nous principales observations sont que les groupes sont plus prompts que les individus à choisir des loteries sûres lorsque les décisions portent sur de faibles pourcentages de gain. De plus, les groupes convergent vers des décisions peu risquées car les individus que sont relativement peu averses au risque modifient plus probablement leur vote en faveur de la décision moyenne du groupe ; les individus plus averses au risque changent moins probablement leurs préférences. Enfin, nos résultats soulignent une relation positive entre le goût du risque et la disposition à décider seul.
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